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FAQs
What harmful micro-organisms can I expect GUVI to destroy/ inactivate?

GUVI has been proven to destroy or inactivate the following micro-organisms. Relevant dose and neutralization efficacy rates are listed in the table below.

 

Microorganisms

Dose J/m2(99.99%)

Dose J/m2(99.90%)

Dose J/m2(99.00%)

Dose J/m2(95.00%)

Dose J/m2(90.00%)

Coronavirus

Coronavirus

28

21

14

9.1

7

Berne virus (Coronaviridae)

28

21

14

9.1

7

Canine coronavirus (CCV)

116

87

58

37.7

29

SARS coronavirus CoV-P9

160

120

80

52

40

Murine coronavirus (MHV)

412

309

206

133.9

103

SARS coronavirus (Hanoi)

536

402

268

174.2

134

SARS coronavirus (Urbani)

964

723

482

313.3

241

Bacteria 

Bacillus anthracis

180.8

135.6

90.4

58.76

45.2

B. megatherium sp. ( spores)

109.2

81.9

54.6

35.49

27.3

B. megatherium sp. (veg.)

52

39

26

16.9

13

B. parathyphosus

128

96

64

41.6

32

B. suptilis

284

213

142

92.3

71

B. suptilis spores

480

360

240

156

120

Campylobacter jejuni

44

33

22

14.3

11

Clostridium tetani

480

360

240

156

120

Corynebacterium diphteriae

134.8

101.1

67.4

43.81

33.7

Dysentery bacilli

88

66

44

28.6

22

Eberthellatyphosa

85.6

64.2

42.8

27.82

21.4

Escherichia coli

120

90

60

39

30

Klebsiella terrifani

104

78

52

33.8

26

Legionella pneumophila

36

27

18

11.7

9

Micrococcus candidus

242

181.5

121

78.65

60.5

Micrococcus sphaeroides

400

300

200

130

100

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

240

180

120

78

60

Neisseria catarrhalis

176

132

88

57.2

44

Phytomonas tumefaciens

176

132

88

57.2

44

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

220

165

110

71.5

55

Pseudomonas fluorescens

140

105

70

45.5

35

Proteus vulgaris

105.6

79.2

52.8

34.32

26.4

Salmonella enteritidis

160

120

80

52

40

Salmonella paratyphi

128

96

64

41.6

32

Salmonella typhimurium

320

240

160

104

80

Sarcina lutea

788

591

394

256.1

197

Seratia marcescens

96.8

72.6

48.4

31.46

24.2

Shigella paradysenteriae

65.2

48.9

32.6

21.19

16.3

Shigella sonnei

120

90

60

39

30

Spirillum rubrum

176

132

88

57.2

44

Staphylococcus albus

73.6

55.2

36.8

23.92

18.4

Staphylococcus aureus

104

78

52

33.8

26

Streptococcus faecalis

176

132

88

57.2

44

Streptococcus hemoluticus

86.4

64.8

43.2

28.08

21.6

Streptococcus lactus

246

184.5

123

79.95

61.5

Streptococcus viridans

80

60

40

26

20

Sentertidis

160

120

80

52

40

Vibrio chlolerae (V.comma)

140

105

70

45.5

35

Yersinia enterocolitica

44

33

22

14.3

11

Yeasts

Bakers’ yeast

156

117

78

50.7

39

Brewers’ yeast

132

99

66

42.9

33

Common yeast cake

240

180

120

78

60

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

240

180

120

78

60

Saccharomyces ellipsoideus

240

180

120

78

60

Saccharomyces sp.

320

240

160

104

80

Mould spores

Aspergillus flavus

2400

1800

1200

780

600

Aspergillus glaucus

1760

1320

880

572

440

Aspergillus niger

5280

3960

2640

1716

1320

Mucor racemosus A

680

510

340

221

170

Mucor racemosus B

680

510

340

221

170

Oospora lactis

200

150

100

65

50

Penicillium digitatum

1760

1320

880

572

440

Penicillium expansum

520

390

260

169

130

Penicillium roqueforti

520

390

260

169

130

Rhizopus nigricans

4440

3330

2220

1443

1110

Virus

Hepatitis A

292

219

146

94.9

73

Influenza virus

144

108

72

46.8

36

MS-2 Coliphase

744

558

372

241.8

186

Polio virus

232

174

116

75.4

58

Rotavirus

324

243

162

105.3

81

Protozoa

Cryptosporidium parvum

100

75

50

32.5

25

Giardia lamblia

44

33

22

14.3

11

Algae

Blue Green

12000

9000

6000

3900

3000

Chlorella vulgaris

480

360

240

156

120

 

Source: Ultraviolet Purification Application, Philips


Can I measure the radiation output of a GOLDENSEA UV product?

Yes, you can either use UV reactive strips or a radiation meter (for example an Everfine U20 to measure the radiation output.


Does the lamp tube output at peak efficiency throughout its life or does it reduce in efficiency ove

As the lamp tube is used, its output will gradually decay. At 9000hof use (the max effective life) the radiant illuminance will decay to between 90% and 80% of the original value.


How does UVC destroy/ inactivate bacteria and viruses?

When UVC irradiation comes into contact with a micro-organism it causes a photochemical reaction as the radiation is absorbed. Damageto the micro-organism’s DNA ensues. Principally the action of the absorption of the photon makes the microbe unable to replicate. 


What is the life of the lamp tubes used in GOLDENSEA UV product?

The lamp tubes used in GOLDENDSEA UV product have an effective life of 9,000 hours


What about COVID 19. Will GOLDENSEA UV products inactivate this virus?

As Covid 19 is so new there are still more tests which need to be done, although recent research at Columbia University in the US suggests that exposure to UVC radiation is an effective way of inactivating the virus.

As Covid 19’s structure is similar to other related coronaviruses, including MERS, there is nothing to suggest that UVC generated by GOLDENSEA UV products will not be an effective tool to combat Covid 19. UVC is proven to be highly effective at inactivating known viruses such as MERS and SARS which are related to Covid 19.


I am using a GOLDENSEA UV product inside a room with other materials. Will the UVC irradiation cause

In general, UV degrades materials such as paint, colours in fabrics and some plastics. Polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) are plastics which are particularly impacted by UVC (and UVA/B) irradiation. Polyester (for example) is far more resistant to UV exposure

Similar degradation of materials also occur when exposed to UV radiation found in sunlight for prolonged periods of time.

 

The shorter wavelength of UVC may damage plants.

 

GOLDENSEA UV recommends that all sensitive objects and plants be removed from rooms prior to UVC disinfection.


What does GOLDENSEA UV use to generate UVC radiation from its products?

GOLDENSEA UV employs low pressure (Hg) mercury discharge lamp tubes. The tubes are made by Philips and Osram. These tubes output UVC irradiation at 253.7nm, which is near the maximum microbicidal activity rated at between 260- 265nm. This makes the lamp tubes GOLDENSEA UV uses excellent choices for this GUVI purposes.


Does UVC radiation emitted by GOLDENSEA UV products travel through other materials?

This depends on the chemical composition of the material in question. Some clear plastics will allow for transmission of UVC while others will not. However, for effective transmission of UVC the composition of the surface needs to be as pure as possible (hence why quartz glass containing only a single component of silicon dioxide is used to make the lamp tubes) meaning that most clear surfaces are not efficient for transmitting UVC them.

Opaque surfaces and tightly woven materials (i.e. where the UVC radiation has no direct line of sight to the sub surface) are also effective at blocking UVC radiation.


I am using a GOLDENSEA UV product inside a room with windows. Will UVC radiation be dangerous to peo

No. Almost 100% of  UVC radiation is blocked by glass used in windows, which are made from various compounds, one of which is Cerium (IV) Oxide which blocks UVC. The glass used in the lamp tubes is quartz glass containing only a single component of silicon dioxide which allows UVC radiation to pass through. This is why UVC passes through the glass tube and not the glass window. More information can be found here http://www.iuva.org/UV-FAQs